- Lived:
- 1894–1930 · Moquegua and Lima, Peru, with four decisive years in Europe
- Tradition:
- Latin American Marxism; indigenismo; the founding of an anti-Eurocentric socialism
- The Big Idea:
- A liberating idea cannot be imported like machinery — socialism in the Americas must be built from Latin America's own reality, above all from the indigenous communities and their unresolved claim to the land.
- In their words:
- "Neither copy nor imitation, but heroic creation."
- If you remember one thing:
- A self-taught man in a wheelchair, dead at thirty-five, rethought Marxism from the periphery — and reset the way a continent understood itself.